Dockerfile

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FROM ubuntu:22.04

RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y \
    build-essential \
    wget \
    tar \
    bzip2 \
    libgmp-dev \
    libmpfr-dev \
    libmpc-dev \
    libisl-dev \
    libexpat1-dev \
    libncurses-dev \
    libreadline-dev \
    libz-dev \
    libbz2-dev \
    liblzma-dev \
    libsqlite3-dev \
    libssl-dev \
    libffi-dev \
    libgdbm-dev \
    libgdbm-compat-dev \
    uuid-dev \
    && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*

WORKDIR /tmp
RUN wget https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/gcc-14.2.0/gcc-14.2.0.tar.gz && \
    tar -xvzf gcc-14.2.0.tar.gz && \
    cd gcc-14.2.0 && \
    ./configure --disable-multilib --enable-languages=c,c++ && \
    make -j$(nproc) && \
    make install && \
    cd .. && \
    rm -rf gcc-14.2.0 gcc-14.2.0.tar.gz

ENV PATH="/usr/local/bin:${PATH}"
ENV LD_LIBRARY_PATH="/usr/local/lib64:${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}"

WORKDIR /tmp
RUN wget https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gdb/gdb-16.2.tar.gz && \
    tar -xvzf gdb-16.2.tar.gz && \
    cd gdb-16.2 && \
    ./configure && \
    make -j$(nproc) && \
    make install && \
    cd .. && \
    rm -rf gdb-16.2 gdb-16.2.tar.gz

WORKDIR /workspace

CMD ["bash"]
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Fazer o build: 

docker build -t gcc-gdb:latest .

Executar:

docker run -it --rm gcc-gdb:latest